What do pneumatic systems typically use as a working fluid?

Pneumatic systems typically use air as their working fluid because air is abundant, non-toxic, and relatively easy to compress. The process of compressing air allows it to store energy, which can then be converted back to kinetic energy to perform work, such as moving or controlling machinery. Because air can expand and contract freely, it enables flexible control and rapid actuation, which makes it ideal for applications ranging from manufacturing to automation systems.

Using air in pneumatic systems also allows for lighter components compared to hydraulic systems that generally require heavier, more viscous working fluids like oil or hydraulic fluid. Additionally, the maintenance and operation of pneumatic systems can be simpler and less costly due to the widespread availability of air and the minimal need for sealing systems that can be a concern in hydraulic applications.