What are the functions of hydraulic system accumulators?

Hydraulic system accumulators play a crucial role in managing fluid pressure and ensuring the efficient operation of hydraulic systems. The primary functions of accumulators include dampening pressure surges and supplementing the pump capacity. When the demand for hydraulic fluid exceeds what the pump can supply during transient conditions—like starting, stopping, or rapid cycling—the accumulator can release stored fluid to meet that demand, thereby smoothing out fluctuations in pressure.

Additionally, when the pump creates pressure surges, which can potentially damage system components or lead to erratic system performance, accumulators act as a buffer. They absorb these surges by allowing the excess fluid to be stored temporarily and then released back into the system when needed, helping maintain a stable hydraulic pressure. This function not only enhances the reliability of the hydraulic system but also contributes to the overall efficiency by reducing wear and tear on the pump.

The other functions listed in the options, such as storing excess fluid for emergencies, maintaining consistent temperature within the system, and filtering contaminants from hydraulic fluid, are important aspects of hydraulic systems but do not represent the primary functions of accumulators. Storing fluid for emergencies is more related to reservoir design, temperature maintenance involves heat exchangers or coolers, and filtration is typically managed by dedicated filtration systems